Tuesday, May 28, 2013

56 Healthier Burger Recipes for Summer

 

05/27/2013 - 11:18am by Nicole McDermott
Summer time means grilling time, and we all know what that means: burger season. We love a good juicy burger just like the rest of ‘em, but we’ll be the first to admit that ladlefuls of mayo and barbecue aren’t necessarily the healthiest choices. So we’ve scoped out all sorts of healthy options to suit any palate, from carnivores to any vegetarians in the house. (Hint: Skip the frozen veggie burger patties — which are often loaded with salt and some scary toxins — and make your own.) And do away with boring condiments like lettuce and tomato by subbing in some exciting swaps (fig and goat cheese, anyone?). No matter your taste preference, we’ve rounded up 56healthy recipes from around the web to fulfill all your burgery needs (everybody’s got those, right?).
Healthier Burger Recipes

Before You Fire up the Grill — Tips for Making of a Healthier Burger
 

Before you get cookin’, we’ve highlighted some go-to tips for the healthiest burger ever.
  • Swap plain, protein-rich Greek yogurt or smashed avocado (a superfood in our book!) in place of mayo for a healthier spread.
  • Use whole-wheat breadcrumbs instead of white, or try ground nuts (such as hazelnut or almond) for a healthier filler that’s also gluten-free.
  • Add fresh herbs to your burger for a healthy, low-calorie flavor-booster.
  • Amp up the day’s veggie servings by tossing chopped spinach or other leafy greens into the burger mixture, or as a topping.
  •  Spice up a burger with sriracha, hot sauce, or chipotle-infused spreads for lots of low-calorie heat and a little metabolism boost.
  • Choose healthy spreads and condiments for your burger from this list. Some of our favorites: mustard, homemade ketchup, or even homemade ranch.
  • Go easy on the cheese. Skip the fat-free stuff, because “no fat” means the cheese won’t melt easily. Instead, choose a small portion of your favorite kind, fat and all. If you’ve got a block of cheese instead of thin slices, try grating it for even coverage.
  • Make your own bun with whole-wheat flour — you’ll avoid preservatives and get a fiber boost, to boot. Or go bun-less and serve a burger in a lettuce wrap, on top of a salad, or even between two slices of zucchini!

Healthier Burger Recipes

Note: Some of these burgers fit in multiple categories, but we’ve organized them by their primary ingredient.

Beans and Legumes

Jalapeno Lentil Chickpea Burger
1. Jalapeno, Chickpea, and Lentil Burgers
The pico topping (made with mango and avocado) is the most magical thing this blogger has ever put on a burger. And we believe it. For a super summery meal, this burger is it, thanks to fresh cilantro, mango, and a light base of lentils and veggies.
2. Spicy Chickpea BBQ Burger
This burger is just as much veggie as it is bean. Peppers, onion, and carrot join chickpeas and herbs for a nutritionally dense patty. Ground flaxseed — known for its high fiber and omega-3s — stands in for an egg to hold the ingredients together. Don’t forget to check out the recipe for healthier baked fries, included in the link above!
3. Sun-Dried Tomato and Basil White Bean Burger
This burger is both vegan and gluten-free. With sun-dried tomatoes, an ample amount of garlic, and fresh basil, this burger pays homage to the marguerita pizza (minus the cheese). Instead of breadcrumbs, this creation stays together with the help of vitamin E-filled almond meal (which is literally crushed up almonds).
4. Black Bean and Winter Squash Burger
This veggie burger is packed with good stuff, including oats, beans, squash, quinoa, and corn — and that’s just for starters. The ingredients lend well to whatever fresh or dry spices you’ve got on hand (the recipe suggests any combination of cumin, tarragon, coriander, and chili powder). By mashing the beans only part way, the burgers maintain a hearty texture.
5. Tofu Green Goddess Burgers
Sometimes it’s not easy being green, but this burger gets its verdant hue by default with such ingredients as scallions, spinach, tarragon, chives, and parsley. Oats and tofu provide the base while mustard and lemon juice add a citrusy tang.
6. Sausage, Kale, and Lentil burger
This patty relies heavily on its main ingredient, antioxidant-rich lentils, but jazzes them up by cooking them with superfood kale, sausage, and stock before mashing. Serve with grainy mustard, a squeeze of lime, a slice of tomato, and some smashed avocado.
7. Falafel Burgers with Balsamic Red Onion Marmalade
Red onion marmalade may not be your average burger condiment, but it’s easy to make. It also adds a sweet tang thanks to vinegar and a little bit of brown sugar. The burger itself includes both red and green bell peppers, chickpeas, and seasonings such as tahini, superfoods garlic and turmeric, and coriander.
8. Sriracha Black Bean Burger
We’re huge fans of sriracha, the super popular paste-like hot sauce. This spicy patty gets in on the (hot) action. It’s made mostly from black beans and oats and is seasoned with superfood garlic and cilantro. This blogger suggests crumbling leftover burger into an egg scramble for an amped-up breakfast.

Chicken and Turkey

Zucchini Bun Burger
9. Herbed Turkey Burger with Zucchini Buns
Though it may sound sinful to separate a burger from its bun (the shame!), this chicken version gets sandwiched between two slices of char-grilled zucchini. Not a bad way to up the day’s veggie servings!
10. Banh mi Asian Burger
In Vietnamese, banh mi stands for a single serving baguette, but the sandwich itself generally includes a meat of some sort as well as cilantro, chili peppers, and pickled carrots. Lean ground chicken, tons of veggies, and an egg makes this burger (which loosely mimics a banh mi) a healthy, well-balanced meal. Plus, the yolk makes for a hassle-free condiment.
11. Thai-Style Chicken Burger
This burger is easy-peasy to make (just be sure to remove the red chili pepper seeds or your tongue may lose all feeling for the remainder of the meal). If this is your first introduction to fish sauce, you can find the savory liquid (made from salted, fermented fish) in the Asian section of the grocery store, near the soy sauce. Or make thisvegan version instead.
12. Jerk Turkey Burger with Mango Slaw
Mangos strike again! But we certainly don’t hate it. This time it’s in the form of a slaw (feel free to sub in plain Greek yogurt for all or half of the mayo). The burger itself has even more fruit with the addition of a chopped tart apple.
13. Fajita Turkey Burger
Fajitas? In a burger? Pass it over! The idea is simple — this burger’s got all the fixings of your standard fajita (turkey, onion, bell peppers, and jalapeno), just sans the steaming hot skillet. This sounds like the perfect home for a scoop of heart-healthy guac!
14. Spicy Hawaiian burgers
These chicken burgers are smoky and sweet, with pineapple rings as the featured topping, and paprika and chili powder to season. A light layer of pepper jack cheese helps keep the pineapple, which is full of fiber and vitamin C, in place.
15. Apple Turkey Burger with Caramelized Onions and Brie
Ohhhh yeah. Gooey brie, crunchy and tart superfood apple, and rich caramelized onions make this burger a total winner. Lean ground turkey makes for a protein-packed lunch or dinner!
16. Feta-Stuffed Turkey Burger with Arugula Pesto
This blogger makes an excellent point — turkey burgers can be pretty blah. But thankfully, this version is the opposite of bland with crumbled feta, char-grilled red pepper, and arugula, which adds a little bite. Don’t forget to check out the simple tutorial for charring!
17. Goat Cheese-Stuffed Turkey Burger with Tangy Peach BBQ Sauce
Think outside of the bun and fill your burger with cheese rather than haphazardly tossing it on top (jeez, who does that anymore?!). We forgive you if you slather the BBQ sauce, which is made with peach preserves, on every food item in the fridge.

Veggies, Nuts, Grains, and Seeds

Portobello Burger
18. Grilled Portobello, Peach, Thyme, and Goat Cheese Burger
A Portobello mushroom cap stands in as the burger patty, as well as a driver for the topping mixture made of peaches, maple syrup, nutrient-rich chia seeds, tomatoes, and thyme. Since peaches are on this year’s dirty dozen list, it’s a good idea to splurge on organic!
19. Oat and Quinoa Burger
These burgers are all about umami — the savory, meaty taste found in foods like mushrooms and soy. Instead of meat or beans, the burger draws on superfoods quinoa(which packs a protein punch) and oats for its base. It gets its umami flavor from a hefty dose of white mushrooms.
20. Superfood Beet Burger
Shredded beets, know for the rare antioxidant betalains, add a touch of sweetness to these patties. Even cooler: the beets turn the burgers bright red! One of these guys is a nutrition powerhouse, combining lentils, quinoa, rice, and oats.
21. Broccoli Pistachio Burger
This burger is all healthy thanks to seeds, quinoa flakes, and (of course) broccoli and pistachios (two of our favorite green superfoods). If using pre-salted seeds, feel free to cut back on the sea salt (1/4 teaspoon should do it!).
22. Oat and Tofu Burger
This veggie-heavy burger beefs up its nutrition stats with vitamin-rich carrots, celery, zucchini, and onion. Brown rice and oats amp up the fiber content, and tofu adds in some veg-based protein. If you’ve never heard of nutritional yeast, it’s a healthy cheese alternative (vegan, low in fat, high in protein, and full of vitamins) that tastes nutty and cheesy at the same time.
23. Carrot, Rice, and Nut Burger
This meat-free burger uses nuts (cashews), seeds (sunflower), and grains (brown rice). Onions and a big helping of carrots keep these patties from going dry and add the carotenoid beta-carotene (which converts into eye-healthy vitamin A).
24. Chipotle Cheddar Sweet Potato Burger
This burger marries every healthy and delicious thing ever. Okay, so we’re exaggerating a wee bit, but it does include sweet potato, roasted garlic, protein-rich quinoa, chipotle chiles, lime juice, sharp cheddar, and homemade avocado-ranch dressing (amongst other ingredients). While the ingredient list is lengthy and this burger requires a little more prep work than some of the others, the end result is nothing short of mouth-watering.
25. Cremini Burgers with Goat Cheese and Fig Aioli
Aptly dubbed the “veggie burgers for the carnivore in your life” these patties employ mushrooms as their base, a plant-based alternative that offers a slightly meaty flavor when cooked. Brown rice and oats add filling fiber and keep the chopped ‘shrooms from falling apart. For a healthier spread, try combining fig preserves with goat cheese instead of mayo.
26. Balsamic Portobello Burger
For this burger there’s no mixing, and no getting your hands dirty in a bowl of mushed up stuff. Portobello mushrooms serve as the actual patty, while goat cheese and red bell pepper add color and flavor.

Beef, Bison, and Pork

Apple Bison Burger
27. Apple Bison Burger with Sage-Jalapeno Pesto
This burger has a whole lot of intense flavors going on. Apple and sage are stuffed right in the burger, while a jalapeño-sage pesto and crumbled smoked blue cheese go on top. Whoa. To keep the burgers (or any meat-based burger, for that matter) from getting tough, avoid over-mixing the ingredients (mix just until everything is combined).
28. Greek Feta Beef Burger
The light yogurt sauce used for this burger — which uses nonfat plain Greek yogurt, cucumbers, superfood garlic, and lemon juice — lends flavor without adding a boatload of extra fat like regular mayo would. This burger is also chock full of vegetables (roasted red peppers, romaine, cucumber, and red onion). Choose a whole-wheat bun for an even healthier option.
29. Grilled Pineapple Burgers with Avocado Cream
This recipe calls for grass-fed beef, which tends to be slightly lower in overall fat and higher in omega-3 fatty acids (compared to conventional meats). Turn to pineappleand chipotle chili powder-infused avocado cream sauce (say that ten times fast) for both spicy and sweet flavors. 
30. Bison Burger with Slow-Roasted Tomatoes
If you’ve never dabbled in bison, it’s time to get cookin’. Bison meat generally has less fat than beef as well as a higher protein content. This specific burger gets jazzed up with slow-roasted tomatoes and wine-sautéed onions.
31. German Pork Burger
What makes this burger worthy of a German pilsner? It’s topped with sauerkraut, whole-grain mustard, and caraway seeds — the earthy, citrusy spice used in rye bread (and tons of other German staples). For a healthier rendition of this burger, swap the sour cream with plain Greek yogurt.
32. Green Chile Bison Burger
This quick-to-prepare meal gets a spicy kick from shredded pepper jack and diced green chiles (feel free to use fresh ones, or find prepared, canned chiles in your supermarket’s Mexican food section).
33. Blueberry Beef Burger
While apples are a more typical fruit accompaniment to burgers, this beef patty is infused with superfood blueberries, which are rich in the antioxidant anthocyanins. (Note: Thawed frozen berries work just fine!). The addition of Worcestershire sauce counters the sweetness of the berries.
34. Cilantro Beef Burger
As we’ve seen in a few previous entries, this burger turns to nut flour (from ground almonds) instead of breadcrumbs. What’s the point? The nut flour means added nutrition — a ¼ cup serving provides 35 percent of the daily value of vitamin E as well as 3 grams of fiber and 6 grams of protein . It’s also a healthy choice for all the gluten-free folks out there.
35. Herbie Bison Burgers with Avocado Dressing
This recipe goes the extra mile with homemade buns. For that special touch, you can do the same, or buy your favorite whole-wheat pre-made version. And as a side note, we’d use this super delicious avocado-yogurt dressing for just about anything!
36. Curried Pork Burgers with Mango
More mango! (We just can’t get enough). This time, simple pork burgers join a sweet and tangy chutney of mango, raisins, onion, and vinegar. Tip: For super lean pork, head to a butcher and choose a pound of tenderloin (and ask for it to be ground).
37. Sun-Dried Tomato Beef Burger
This burger uses 2 parts extra-lean ground beef, and 1 part lean — a great way to add in just the right amount of fat to maintain the juiciness of a good burger without going full-out on the calories. To cut down on more added calories and fat, choose sun-dried tomatoes that are not packaged in oil. The meat itself lends plenty of flavor without it!
38. Soy and Horseradish Beef Burger Lettuce Wraps
Talk about a one-pot meal! To whip this puppy up, toss all of the ingredients in a ball before forming patties. The horseradish and soy combo add an umami bite. This recipe uses lettuce instead of buns to hold the burger, but feel free to serve it however you’d like.
39. Greek Bison Burgers
T
o get ‘em to the Greek, these burgers are stuffed with spinach and topped with a yogurt sauce and crumbled feta. Fresh herbs — mint, dill, and oregano — are star flavoring agents.
40. Grilled Pork Burger with Savory Pickled Peaches
Pickled peaches may not be a pantry staple in your kitchen, but they’re the perfect way to pair sweet and sour. For a quick pickling method, boil and simmer peaches, onion, vinegar, mustard, sugar, and salt and then let cool (no need to let it ferment for months and months). Serve the burgers in whole-wheat pitas to keep the peaches from going anywhere but your tummy. 

Venison, Veal, and Lamb

Venison Burger
41. Hazelnut Venison Burger
This burger goes bun-less to capitalize on the flavorful meat and slight nuttiness from the hazelnuts. Top with a dollop of plain Greek yogurt (our go-to healthy condimentbase) and a few sprigs of fresh dill.
42. Mediterranean Veal Burger
The Mediterranean diet is all the rage (and may even make us happier with healthy fats and tons of fresh fruits and veggies). This burger gets its Mediterranean flair from roasted red peppers, basil pesto, and grilled eggplant. Toss whole-grain bread into the food processor for healthier breadcrumbs.
43. Venison Burger with Roasted Red Pepper
This guy is super simple. All it takes is venison, held together with egg and breadcrumbs, then sage, red pepper, and mushrooms for a little crunch and flavor. If you’re looking to ditch the mayo, check out our list of healthier condiments (we particularly recommend the yogurt herb Dijon spread or avocado spread).
44. Prosciutto Lamb Burgers
While prosciutto isn’t exactly the healthiest burger topping in existence, a little goes a long way — Just a slice for each burger will do! Choose whole-wheat breadcrumbs or nut flour (such as hazelnut or almond) for a healthier way to bind the ingredients.
45. Bison Burger with Pinot Noir Onions
Booze with a meal, and in a meal? Yes, please! While it’s less than a cup (and likely not buzz-inducing), the wine adds a nice flavor to the caramelized onions. With just a few (healthy) ingredients, the burger itself couldn’t be easier to prep.
46. Roasted Venison, Quinoa, and Spinach Burger
Best of both worlds: This burger combines a healthy protein-packed grain and venison. A hefty dose of superfood spinach adds a little green, plus high levels of vitamin A(a known immunity booster).
47. Sun-Dried Tomato and Veal Burger
While this burger provides a bun recipe, a healthier option would be a homemade whole-wheat version. Choose sundried tomatoes that aren’t packed in olive oil for a lighter but still flavorsome topping. The burger itself is simple, but gets jazzed up with some sun-dried tomatoes.
48. Lamb Burger with Cucumber Mint Relish
Lamb can be higher in fat and calories compared to beef, but some cuts — such as loin, shank, and leg — are healthier. It may be worth your while to ask a butcher to grind your preferred cut. Yogurt, cucumber, and mint create a light topping that pairs nicely with the lamb.
49. Pomegranate and Goat Cheese Venison Burger
This is definitely not your average chain-restaurant fair. The burger itself includes capers, minced pickles, and apple cider. Crumbled goat cheese, pomegranate seeds, and baby arugula make for festive-looking (and healthy!) toppings. Added bonus: pom seeds provide a good amount of fiber as well as plenty of antioxidants, which may help prevent heart problems ((Pomegranate Protection against Cardiovascular Diseases., Aviram M., Rosenblat, M., The Lipid Research Laboratory, Technion Faculty of Medicine, The Rappaport Family Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences and Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2012 Nov. 18.)).

Fish

Lemon Tuna Burger
50. Lemon-Garlic Tuna Burger
This budget-friendly and low-cal burger uses canned tuna and panko bread crumbs as its foundation. To flavor the meal, add a good amount of lemon juice, fresh parsley and chopped green onion, and some minced, good-for-you garlic. Top with sour cream or plain yogurt for some tang!
51. Thai Tilapia Burgers with Hoisin Sauce
This burger draws from traditional Asian flavors with ingredients like ginger, peanut butter, soy sauce, and hoisin sauce. Find hoisin, a Chinese dipping sauce made from toasted mashed soybeans, in the Asian section of the supermarket. Try plain yogurt instead of mayo for a lower calorie swap.
52. Cilantro-Lime Salmon Burger
Eating one of these burgers twice a week (or just eating salmon in general) can increase levels of HDL (the good cholesterol) ((Walnuts and fatty fish influence different serum lipid fractions in normal to mildly hyperlipidemic individuals: a randomized controlled study. Rajaram, S., Haddad, E.H., Mejia, A., et al. Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2009 May; 89(5): 1657S- 1663S.)). Cilantro and lime create a light dressing, and sliced avocado adds some guilt-free, heart-healthy creaminess.
53. Salmon Burger with Greek Yogurt and Dill
This recipe calls for a skinless salmon fillet, but for a quick, easy, and cheaper alternative, turn to canned salmon. Choose whole-wheat breadcrumbs or oats for morefiber. Horseradish adds a kick for negligible calories.
54. Lime Infused Trout Burger
You’ve heard it before, and we’ll undoubtedly say it again, but feel free to use our favorite swap in this recipe: plain yogurt for mayo. Just two tablespoons of light mayopacks nearly 100 calories, while the same amount of plain nonfat yogurt has only 16 calories (plus 3 grams of protein!). These burgers are low in calories and have more fish than breadcrumbs compared to some chain restaurant fish patties.
55. Simple Shrimp Burger
This burger has only a few ingredients (including scallions, parsley, and lemon zest), which lets the protein-rich shrimp shine. Since this recipe calls for only three tablespoons of mayo, it may be worth it to go for the real stuff.
56. Tilapia Burger with Watermelon Salsa and Avocado
These patties feature a dollop of summer with a salsa made from vitamin A- and C- rich watermelon along with onion, jalapeno, cilantro, and limejuice. The burgers themselves are a simple mixture of fish, breadcrumbs, egg, mustard, garlic, and spices.
 

Friday, May 24, 2013

Avocado Unwrapped

The fruit that most people try to avoid because of its bad reputation, but truth behold—there are many hidden health benefits and nutritional value to the avocados which are listed below, that drive you to change your opinion on this green treat. 
Yes, Avocados do hold a large fat content. Depending on the size of the avocado, avocadoes are made up of about 200-300 calories each.  (Source: 3fatchicks)
Healthy fat—Avocados contain “oleic acid”, a monounsaturated fat that could help lower cholesterol. (Source: Pyroenergen)
 
In fact, noticeable health improvements were displayed after a study was performed on patients with high cholesterol. Each patient was restricted to a week-long avocado diet. As a result, each patient showed a decrease in their cholesterol count. Also, oleic acid has been found to help prevent breast cancer because of its ability to prevent the growth of cancerous cells. (Source:  greenparenthood)
 

Kurriosity tip: Don’t eat an entire avocado at once!

Avocados also ensure a good amount of Potassium. Potassium will balance your electrolytes directed to lead to healthier nerves and muscles. Potassium also helps regulate blood pressure and prevent circulatory disease.  
The antioxidants that are in avocado allow your immune system to become stronger. Antioxidants also can help slow down the aging process, as well as neutralize the free radicals that can cause poor eyesight.
 
If you are pregnant—the vitamin B6 inside the fruit can help get reduce morning sickness. Also, the high folate content allows expecting mothers to acquire the healthy amount they need healthy fetal development. (Source: 3fatchicks)
Avocados are good for the mouth! Avocados help prevent bad breath.
 
In conclusion, contrary to what you may have heard before—avocado consumption is in fact a great source of vitamins and can positively affect your bodies’ wants and needs!  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Type 2 Diabetes Progresses Faster in Kids

Type 2 diabetes is more aggressive in children than adults, with signs of serious complications seen just a few years after diagnosis, new research finds. 
"Based on the latest results, it seems like type 2 is progressing more rapidly in children," said Dr. Jane Chiang, senior vice president of medical affairs and community information for the American Diabetes Association. "Complications are appearing faster, and it appears to be at a more significant rate than we see in adults."
 
The results are alarming, Chiang and other experts said. "If these children continue to progress this rapidly, we could see many of the consequences of type 2 diabetes at a much younger age, like kidney disease and heart disease," she said.
 
The findings are from an ongoing study of treatment options for type 2 diabetes in children and teens.
Researchers are using data from the same study group to assess factors related to the disease in youth, such as complications.
 
People with type 2 diabetes have higher than normal blood sugar levels because their body doesn‘t make or properly use insulin, a hormone needed to convert food into energy. Being overweight is the most significant risk factor for type 2 diabetes, according to the American Diabetes Association. The number of U.S. children with type 2 disease -- usually seen in adults over 40 -- is sizable and growing, experts say.
 
The study included nearly 700 children with type 2 diabetes who were between 10 and 17 years old at the outset and had had the disease for eight months on average. Type 2 diabetes is rarely seen in children younger than 10, Chiang said. All the participants had a body-mass index (an estimate of body fat based on a ratio of weight to height) at or above the 85th percentile, which is considered overweight.
 
The children received diabetes education and were randomized to receive one of three treatments: the drug metformin, metformin plus intensive lifestyle changes or metformin plus rosiglitazone (brand name Avandia).
 
At the start of the study, about 12 percent of participants had high blood pressure (hypertension). Four years later, about 34 percent had high blood pressure, and the risk was highest for males and those who were heavier, according to the report, which was published online May 23 in a special issue of the journal Diabetes Care.
 
Initial signs of kidney disease, called microalbuminuria, almost tripled in four years -- from 6.3 percent of the children to almost 17 percent, the study found.
 
Other highlights:
  • Destruction of beta cells -- the cells that produce insulin -- in children and teens occurred at a rate almost four times higher than in adults.
  • Metformin and rosiglitazone improved insulin sensitivity for the first six months of treatment. There was no change in insulin sensitivity for the patients who took metformin and made lifestyle changes, and there was a decrease in insulin sensitivity for youth on metformin alone. In adults, metformin generally improves insulin sensitivity.
  • Children and teens with higher blood sugar levels had the poorest outcomes on oral medications, and needed to begin using insulin sooner.
  • Over three years, the percentage of youth who needed medication to lower their LDL cholesterol (the bad type of cholesterol) increased from 4.5 percent to 10.7 percent. Lifestyle interventions didn‘t appear to help lower LDL cholesterol, although they did help lower the levels of triglycerides, another type of blood fat.
  • Eye damage occurred at a rate similar to adults. About five years after diagnosis, 13.7 percent of the youths had nonproliferative retinopathy, a condition that blocks blood vessels in the eyes.
"The rapid progression of hypertension and kidney disease was surprising," said Dr. Jane Lynch, the lead author of the hypertension and kidney disease part of the study.
 
"We really felt like we were on top of these kids as far as treatments, and they still progressed," said Lynch, a professor of pediatrics in the division of endocrinology and diabetes at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio.
Lynch said the hormones of puberty, which cause insulin resistance, are likely a main reason for this accelerated progression. Researchers don‘t know what will happen once the teens are out of puberty.
 
"We don‘t know what the progression rates will be," Lynch said. "But we do know that the ages for kidney transplants have been dropping."
 
Prevention of type 2 diabetes in children is essential, the experts said. "We need to focus on creating good habits rather than trying to reverse bad habits," Lynch said. "The time to start talking is during pregnancy, and it needs to continue in schools."
 
Chiang agreed that there needs to be a huge push toward educating people about the prevention of diabetes and obesity. "Not all people will be able to prevent diabetes, but there are steps we can take in the right direction, like teaching healthy eating and the importance of physical activity," she said.
 
More information
Learn more about preventing diabetes in children from the American Diabetes Association.
Health News Copyright © 2013 HealthDay. All rights reserved.

U.S. Teen Birth Rate Plummets

Teen birth rates in the United States are dropping sharply, especially among Hispanic teens, according to a new government report.
 
Overall, the rate of birth among teens aged 15 to 19 dropped by nearly one half from 1991 to 2011 -- from about 62 births for every 1,000 teens to 31 births for every 1,000.
 
From 2007 to 2011, the most recent time period studied, rates fell 25 percent, from 41.5 to about 31.
During that time, rates fell at least 30 percent in seven states, and Arizona and Utah each saw a 35 percent drop, said Brady Hamilton, a statistician at the U.S. National Center for Health Statistics and a co-author of the report, which was released Thursday.
 
All but two states -- North Dakota and West Virginia -- reported drops of at least 15 percent, the researchers found. They tracked live births, not pregnancies.
 
"It‘s good news," Hamilton said. "But it shows there is still much that needs to be examined and done."
 
When Hamilton‘s team looked at birth rates by ethnicity, the decline was steepest for Hispanics, with drops averaging 34 percent overall during the 2007 to 2011 period. In the past, Hispanic teens had a higher birth rate: In 2007, for instance, their rate was 21 percent higher than that of black teens. By 2011, the rate for Hispanic teens was just 4 percent higher.
In the most recent period studied, birth rates for black teens declined 24 percent, while white teens showed a 20 percent drop.
 
"There are still areas where teen births are high and that needs to be examined in greater detail," Hamilton said. State policymakers, for instance, could use the information to address changes to their education programs.
 
The largest declines typically were found in the Southeast, Mountain and Pacific states, as well as the upper Midwest.
The study did not get into the reasons for the decline. However, experts attribute the declines to strong teen-pregnancy-prevention messages, increased use of birth control with the first sexual experience and the use of dual contraceptive methods, such as condoms plus the pill.
 

The report is a reason to cheer but not to think the problem is solved, said one expert not involved in the study. The new finding "underscores the remarkable progress this nation has made," said Bill Albert, chief program officer of the National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy, a nonprofit organization based in Washington, D.C.
 As good as the progress is, Albert said, it‘s important to realize that "our rates are still higher than in other countries."

For instance, the teen birth rate in Japan is 4.9 per 1,000, according to United Nations data from 2009 to 2010. In the Netherlands, it‘s 5.3 -- about six times lower than in the United States.

Albert believes many factors explain the decline in teen birth rates. "These rates have been driven down by the magic combination of less sex and more contraception," Albert said. More teens are delaying sex, he said, persuaded by sex education or parents, and more are using birth control.

The peer effect plays a role, he said. When teens hear that their friends are delaying sex or using birth control, it influences them.

Then there is the "MTV effect." Programs that depict teen moms show the difficulties of pregnancy and parenthood, Albert said.

"They really do show the challenges of early pregnancy and parenthood," he said. His organization has commissioned surveys to ask teens what they think of these shows. "The overwhelming majority say these shows are sobering, not salacious," he said.

Efforts to reduce teen births must continue, Albert said, or rates will surely go up again.

More information
To take the National Day to Prevent Teen Pregnancy Quiz, go to the National Organization to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy.
Health News Copyright © 2013 HealthDay. All rights reserved.

Thursday, May 23, 2013

3-D Printers Create Lifesaving Airway Device for Infant

The success of an imaginative and resourceful device used to save an infant born with a serious airway malformation sheds light on new technology created by the marriage of bioengineering and surgery. 
 
A report in the May 23 New England Journal of Medicine describes the situation that sparked the innovation. 

At first, the baby born five weeks early seemed perfectly healthy, but he began to have difficulty breathing and eating when he was 6 weeks old. Just two weeks later, his symptoms became so severe he needed a ventilator to breathe.
 
After a thorough work-up, the news was not good -- the baby had an unusual combination of problems. The arteries going from his lungs to his heart were crisscrossed, and one was unusually big. Part of his aorta, the largest blood vessel in the body, was compressing his left bronchus, one of two of the major branches of the trachea that lead to the lungs.
 
But the infant‘s worst problems weren‘t the blood vessels: The life-threatening issue was having an airway that couldn‘t stay open on its own.
 
Called tracheobronchomalacia, the condition occurs when airway walls are so weak they collapse almost like a wet paper towel, during breathing or coughing. In the baby‘s case, the simple act of breathing was causing his airways to regularly collapse, stopping his heart and breathing, and requiring frequent cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
 
"It was scary; I‘ve had children die from similar problems before," said Dr. Glenn Green, a report co-author and an associate professor of pediatric otolaryngology at the University of Michigan Health System.
 
Tracheobronchomalacia is rare, affecting about 2,000 children in the United States, according to Green.
 
Green worked with Scott Hollister, also at the University of Michigan, who has a background in bioengineering, to custom-design an airway splint to allow the baby to breathe effectively.
 
Almost like creating a custom-made suit from a detailed digital photo, the physicians built a corrective implant -- an airway splint -- to precisely fit the baby‘s particular anatomical circumstances. The splint was designed to be placed in the body but outside the airway, like a lobster‘s exoskeleton, which provides needed external support.
 
The researchers designed the splint from a computer image of the baby‘s airway and fabricated it using laser-based 3-D printing.
 
"CAT scans and MRIs are of a detail now where we can take the information from those pictures and put it into a computer to make a 3-D model of what [problems] a child has, and create a solution for those problems, combining engineering and surgical knowledge," Green said.
 
The splint -- which was created in less than 24 hours -- has the consistency of a vacuum hose -- it‘s tough but flexible, Green said. It is made of polycaprolactone, a biodegradable polyester.
 
The biodegradable feature is important because, as the baby grows, the tracheobronchomalacia will most likely get better, explained Dr. Kristina Rosbe, a professor of otolaryngology and pediatrics at the University of California, San Francisco, who was not involved with the case. "It means you won‘t have to go in later and take it out."
 
The fact that the device is outside the bronchus is also a bonus, because internal splints that are available now can create narrowing of the airway and bleeding, Rosbe added.
 
The custom splint is expected to gradually disintegrate after about three years, according to the physicians.
 
After constructing the airway splint, the physicians got emergency permission from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to use the device. They then performed surgery to repair as much of the deformities as possible, and stitch the splint in place around the left bronchus.
 
The baby has done well, Green said. "It took about a month for his body to get used to breathing, but he never coded [had his heart or breathing stop] after the splint was placed." The physicians have started a clinical trial testing the airway splint design system that they expect will be completed in about two years, he said.
 
One expert noted that while tracheobronchomalacia is rare, the solution discussed in this research report will have a huge impact on the infant involved.
 
"A child like this is probably going to have a completely normal life if it wasn‘t for this problem, so that‘s a really big step and very inspirational," said Dr. John Bent, director of pediatric otolaryngology at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, in New York City.
 
Is this designer splint an example of personalized medicine?
 
For her part, Rosbe said, "It‘s absolutely the wave of the future. It makes me think of all the work they‘re doing with cancer therapies now, taking individual patient‘s cells and blood and tailoring treatment to their particular needs. Once you‘ve got the system in place to make [the creation of the airway splint] easier, if you‘ve got the hardware, you‘ll be ready to go."
 
More information
Learn more about tracheobronchomalacia from the U.S. Office of Rare Diseases Research.
Health News Copyright © 2013 HealthDay. All rights reserved.